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Xanthan gum is currently the most international setThickening、levitation、emulsify、stableIn one, the most superior performanceBio-glue。 Xanthan gum contains at the end of the molecular side chainpyruvic acidThe number of groups has a great impact on its performance. Xanthan gum has the general properties of long-chain polymers, but it contains more than ordinary polymersfunctional group, which displays unique performance under certain conditions. Its conformation in aqueous solutions is diverse, and it exhibits different properties under different conditions.
1. Suspension and emulsification
Xanthan gum has a good suspension effect on insoluble solids and oil droplets. Xanthan gum sol molecules can form superbound band-like spiral copolymers, forming a fragile gum-like network structure, so they can support the morphology of solid particles, droplets, and bubbles, showing strong emulsion stabilization and high suspension capacity.
2. Good water solubility
Xanthan gum dissolves quickly in water and has good water solubility. Especially it can be dissolved in cold water, which can save complicated processing and is easy to use. However, due to its strong hydrophilicity, if the water is added directly and the stirring is not sufficient, the outer layer absorbs water and expands into a colloid, which will prevent water from entering the inner layer, thereby affecting the play of the role, so it is necessary to pay attention to the correct use. Xanthan gum dry powder or with salt,sugarAfter the dry powder accessories are mixed well, slowly add the water that is stirring to feed it to make a solution.
3. Thickening
Xanthan gum solution has the property of high viscosity at low concentration (the viscosity of 1% aqueous solution is equivalent togelatin100 times), is a highly efficientThickeners。
4、Pseudoplasticity
The xanthan gum aqueous solution has a high viscosity under static or low shear action, which is manifested by a sharp decrease in viscosity under high shear action, but the molecular structure remains unchanged. When the shear force is removed, the original viscosity is immediately restored. The relationship between shear force and viscosity is completely malleable. Xanthan gum pseudoplasticity is very prominent, and this pseudoplasticity has a significant effect on stabilizing suspensions,emulsionExtremely effective.
5. Stability to heat
The viscosity of xanthan gum solution does not change greatly with the change of temperature, generallypolysaccharideViscosity changes due to heating, but the viscosity of the aqueous solution of xanthan gum barely changes between 10-80°C, and even the aqueous solution at low concentrations still shows a stable high viscosity over a wide range of temperatures. 1% xanthan gum solution (with 1%potassium chloride) is heated from 25 °C to 120 °C, and its viscosity is reduced by only 3%.
6. Stability to acid and alkali
Xanthan gum solution is very stable to acid and alkali, and its viscosity is not affected when PH is between 5 and 10, and there is a slight change in viscosity when PH is less than 4 and greater than 11. In the PH3-11 range, the maximum viscosity differs from the minimum value by less than 10%. Xanthan gum can be dissolved in a variety of acid solutions, such as 5%.sulphuric acid, 5%.nitric acid, 5%.acetic acid, 10% hydrochloric acid and 25%.phosphoric acidThese xanthan gumic acid solutions are quite stable at room temperature, and the quality of the pieces will not change for several months. Xanthan gum is also soluble in sodium hydroxide solution and has thickening properties. The resulting solution is very stable at room temperature. Xanthan gum can be degraded by strong oxidants, such as perchloric acid and persulfuric acid, and the degradation accelerates with increasing temperature.
7. Stability to salt
Xanthan gum solution is miscible with many salt solutions (potassium salt, sodium salt, calcium salt, magnesium salt, etc.), and the viscosity is not affected. At higher salt concentrations, its solubility is maintained even in saturated salt solutions without precipitation and flocculation, and its viscosity is hardly affected.
8. Stability of enzymatic hydrolysis reaction
The stable double helix structure of xanthan gum makes it extremely resistant to oxidation and enzymatic hydrolysis, as many enzymes such as:protease、amylase、cellulaseandHemicellulaseand other enzymes cannot degrade xanthan gum.